Test conducted on Windows 10 OS (64 bit)
6 GB Ram
1.5 GHz Processor

The data contained within the file that was posted is a list. I am assuming that you were trying to create your Table of Contents from that. I do not believe that it is possible to construct a ToC from the data while it is in this format (at least from what I can tell from my various attempts and from research). I have to format portions or all of the data so that they are headings in order for them to show up in the ToC.
Your description is lacking detail. If you can, please provide information as to how you manipulated the data in your file, or the steps you had taken when the program crashed. For instance, were you trying to change the font in the ToC or build a ToC from data that was formatted as Old Standard? Were there any particular settings that you were using?

Tested in Writer 4.1.1
Installed Old Standard TT font styles.

First Test:
Step 1 - Opened attached document.
Step 2 - Created a ToC on first page (which was previously blank). Insert >> Indexes and Tables >> Indexes and Tables, then clicked the Okay button in the dialog window.
Step 3 - Changed first item in bulleted list to a header (level 1).
Step 4 – Updated the ToC. Right click any area in the ToC, then click Update Index/Table from the menu.
Step 5 – Observed as new item appeared in table. Unable to reproduce issue.
Step 6 – Repeat steps 1 through five by adding more headers, typically by converting more of the list into headers. Still unable to reproduce issue.

Second Test:
Step 1 - Opened attached document.
Step 2 - Created a ToC on first page.
Step 3 – Changed the title of the ToC to the Old Standard TT font. Selected the text, right click, select Edit Paragraph Style, select the Font Tab in the dialog window, select the Old Standed TT font from the menu.
Step 4 – Observed as text changed appearance.
Step 5 – Added more items to ToC (by repeating steps from first test). Changed the font on those entries as well. Unable to reproduce issue.

Third Test:
Step 1 – Opened new file.
Step 2 – Created a number of different headers, varied the levels and formatting.
Step 3 – Created a ToC.
Step 4 – Observed as ToC is displayed, populated with data entered previously.
Step 5 – Applied various formatting styles to the data presented in ToC, including the Old Standard TT font. Program behaved as expected.
Step 6 – Updated the ToC. Observed as nothing happened (also expected).
Step 7 – Added more headers to the document.
Step 8 – Updated the ToC. Observed as more entries was added.

Observation:
I have not observed any anomalies with either the program nor the font thus far, so it is hard to say where the problem could be rooted.

Sorry, I'm not English native. I use Yandex Translate.
Configuration o my computer:
Windows 7 32 bit, 2,4 GHz, 3GB

New document →
Styles →
«Оглавление1» → change
Font → Old Standard TT
Insert → indexes and tables → indexes and tables
Select the «preview» check box 4 times → crash

Russian:
Новый документ →
Стили →
Оглавление1 → изменить
Шрифт → Old Standard TT
Вставка → Оглавление и указатели → Оглавление и указатели
Выбираем флажок предварительный просмотр 4 раза → краш

Environment details: 
OSX El Capitan 10.11.3 (16 GB RAM, 2.1 GHz Intel Core i7)
Windows 8.1 64 bit (8 GB RAM, 2.2 GHz Intel Core i7)
Windows 7 32 bit (VB, 512 MB, 2.2 GHz Intel Core i7)



Tested in OpenOffice 4.2.0 (Build:9800, Rev. 1692551)
Tested in OpenOffice 4.1.1 (Build:9775, Rev. 1617669)
Installed Old Standard font (from https://fontlibrary.org/en/font/old-standard). 


Trying to reproduce this bug I’ve tried Windows and OSX in OO 4.2.0, in both cases behaviour is similar. So I’ve tried to install 4.1.1 (where bug was submitted), and also could not reproduce the issue. 
Your description still lacks some details. Can you please be more descriptive about steps taken in “Styles and Formatting”? If you can, please add screenshot or text of the error?  
Basing on initial and next users’ comments, I’ve done next testing in both Writer versions: 


First test:
1. Open file attached to bug (OOError.odt) in OO Writer. On the second page, you will find lines styled as Title with Old Standard TT font. 
2. Open Insert -> Indexes and Tables  -> Indexes and Tables. 
3. Check/Uncheck Preview checkbox several times. 
4. Press Ok. 
Actual result: Table of Contents is created. No crash appears. 

Second test:  
1. Create a new file. 
2. Open Format -> Styles and Formatting. 
3. Select All Styles -> Table of Contents -> Click right mouse button on “Modify”. 
4. Select Old Standard TT font. Press enter. 
5. Proceed steps 3-4 with Content1, Content2. 
6. In Document created lines “Test1”, “Test2” with styles Heaser1, Header2. 
Open Insert -> Indexes and Tables  -> Indexes and Tables. 
On Styles tab apply Level1 and Level2 to Header1 and Header2 accordingly. 
Check/Uncheck Preview checkbox several times. 
Press Ok. 
Actual result: Table of Contents is created. No crash appears. 

Third test: 
Create a new file. 
Open Format -> Styles and Formatting. 
Select All Styles -> Table of Contents -> Click right mouse button on “Modify”. 
Select Old Standard font. Press enter. 
Proceed steps 3-4 with Title, Content Headers. 
In Document created lines “Title”, “ContentHeader” with styles Title, Content Headers. 
Open Insert -> Indexes and Tables  -> Indexes and Tables. 
On Styles tab apply Title and ContentHeader  to Title and ContentHeaders accordingly. 
Check/Uncheck Preview checkbox several times. 
Press Ok. 
Actual result: Table of Contents is created. No crash appears. 

Fourth test: 
Repeat second test with standard font Times New Roman on 4th step. 
Actual result: Table of Contents is created. No crash appears. 



Observation: 
I haven’t observed any anomalies neither in newest and reported versions, nor with font, nor in Table of Contents itself. Lacking details about the error itself also complicates investigation.